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Everything you need to know about tree data structure

Everything you need to know about tree data structure

In this blog you will learn about tree data structure.

Before you learn about tree data structure let me tell you why this is useful and a practical use of data structure.

The practical example

If you are using a browser, that means you are using a tree data structure. If you don't believe open the developer tools of browser using F12 key. Go to inspect tab. If you are a front end developer you know these. Alt Text

The things you are seeing is a tree. Actually DOM(Document Object Model) is a tree. Even though it doesn't look like one. let's take a look of tree representation of what you are seeing right now.

Alt Text

First we have something called a html tag. Inside the html tag there are two more tags called head and body. Inside head and body tags there are more tags. And again inside them there are more tags. You can also notice that these tags are getting nested more and more. Each tag is connected to a previous tag without the first tag. And you might have noticed some heirarchy in here. This is what we call a tree data structure.

What is a tree data structure?

Alt Text A tree data structure is a structure where each node is connected to a previous or parent node in a heirarchical order.

Ok. But that doesn't look like a tree. Let me prove it to you.

Alt Text I hope this picture looks like a tree to you.

let's apply some css.

.tree {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

Alt Text We have just rotated our tree to 180 degrees. But it is still a tree. We have just rotated our tree to 180 degrees.

Let's see the properties and features of trees.

  • Node: You can think of a node as a leaf in a tree. A node is nothing but just a element of a tree. Alt Text

  • Root Node: A root node is the top node that you see in the tree. It does not have any previous node. Alt Text

  • Parent Node: Parent node is immediate previous node connected to the current node. It is just like our real life parent. A parent can have multiple child. Alt Text

  • Child Node: Child node is the children of the parent node. And that makes sense right. A child can also be a parent. Alt Text

  • Leaf Node: Less node is a child node but not a parent node. Or simply, a leaf node is a child node that no other node is connected to it from bottom. Alt Text

  • Sibling Node: A sibling node is a child node connected to the same parent node. And that's what sibling means. Alt Text

  • Direction: The connection direction of a tree is always unidirectional or one way. It always go from top to bottom. From root node to child node and its child node and so on. If you notice the picture you will get that. Alt Text

  • Edge: An edge in a tree is the connection between two nodes. Suppose the connection between you and your parent. Alt Text

  • Path: A path is nothing but consecutive edges between source node to given node. Alt Text

  • Ancestor Node: All the nodes that are in the path of a source node and the target node are called Ancestor node. Like your Father ----> GrandFather -----> Great GrandFather -----> so on

  • Desecendant Node: Every node in the path of your current node to the leaf node are called ancestor nodes.

Alt Text

  • Level: Count the number of edges in the path from the root node to your current node. That number of edges are called level. Alt Text

  • Depth of a Node: From the root node to the given node path, count the number of edges. Total Number of edges is the depth of that node. Alt Text

  • Height of a Node: The total number of edges on the path from your current node to the most distant leaf node is the height of the node. Alt Text

  • Degree of a node: The total number of children of a node is the degree of a node. Alt Text

  • Height of a Tree: Maximum number of edges from the root node to the leaf node. A tree might have many leaf node. But you have to look for the most distant node. Then count the edges. Alt Text

Some facts about Tree

  • The height of a tree is always equal to the level of the tree
  • Number of edges in the tree = (n - 1) [where n is the total number of nodes in the tree]

Common types of Data Structures.

  • General tree data
  • Binary tree
  • Binary Search Tree
  • AVL tree
  • Red-Black tree
  • Splay tree
  • Treap tree and ...so on

So that's it for this blog. Soon I will create a video about tree data structure. So, SUBSCRIBE to Cules Coding

Until then stay safe.

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That's it for this blog. I have tried to explain things simply. If you get stuck, you can ask me questions.

By the way, I am looking for a new opportunity in a company where I can provide great value with my skills. If you are a recruiter, looking for someone skilled in full-stack web development and passionate about revolutionizing the world, feel free to contact me. Also, I am open to talking about any freelance project. I am available on Upwork

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